This study considers the ways in which locals of the occupied Nord responded to and understood their situation across four years of German domination, focusing in particular on key behaviours adopted by locals, and the way in which such conduct was perceived.
Finally, it explores the place of disability in industrial politics and how fluctuating industrial relations affected the experiences of disabled people in the coalfields. The book shifts attention away from medicine and welfare towards the ways in which disability affected social relations within coalfield communities. It also examines how miners and their families negotiated a 'mixed economy' of welfare, comprising family and community support, the Poor Law, and voluntary self-help as well as employer paternalism. The book then extends the discussion of responses to disability by examining the welfare provisions for miners with long-term restrictive health conditions. It turns its attention to the principal causes of disablement in the nineteenth-century coal industry and the medical responses to them. The book provides the context for those that follow by providing an overview of the conditions of work in British coalmining between 17. It discusses experiences of disability within the context of social relations and the industrial politics of coalfield communities. The book examines the economic and welfare responses to disease, injury and impairment among coal workers. If disability has been largely absent from conventional histories of industrialisation, the Industrial Revolution has assumed great significance in disability studies. This book sheds new light on the human cost of industrialisation by examining the lives and experiences of those disabled in an industry that was vital to Britain's economic growth.
The book will appeal to students and academics interested in disability history, disability studies, social and cultural history, and representations of disability in literature. It argues that, far from being excluded entirely from British industry, disability and disabled people were central to its development. The burgeoning coalfields literature used images of disability on a frequent basis and disabled characters were used to represent the human toll of the industry.Ī diverse range of sources are used to examine the economic, social, political and cultural impact of disability in the coal industry, looking beyond formal coal company and union records to include autobiographies, novels and oral testimony. And yet disabled people remained a constant presence in the industry as many disabled miners continued their jobs or took up ‘light work’. During this time, the statutory provision for disabled people changed considerably, most notably with the first programme of state compensation for workplace injury. The book considers the coal industry at a time when it was one of Britain’s most important industries, and follows it through a period of growth up to the First World War, through strikes, depression and wartime, and into an era of decline. This book examines the British coal industry through the lens of disability, using an interdisciplinary approach to examine the lives of disabled miners and their families. However, the experiences of the many disabled people within Britain’s most dangerous industry have gone largely unrecognised by historians. Shortly thereafter Radbert embarked on this first book.Ĭoalmining was a notoriously dangerous industry and many of its workers experienced injury and disease. The first book is a masterpiece of allusion, and also gives an indication of the intended audience: not just the monks of Corbie, but also a literate Carolingian leadership impressed by Radbert’s brilliance, and perhaps persuaded to look differently at Wala/Arsenius, who had died in 836 in Italy.
We get brief hints to all this political trouble, but most of this is obfuscated by deft literary tactics, in which citations from Terence play a central part. The main theme of a lively dialogue among three monks, with some additional interlocutors, is the deep grief about Wala’s recent death. About all this, the first book is almost entirely silent. In 814 Wala, banished from Louis’ court, had retreated to Corbie, yet in 821 he and his half-brother Adalhard, abbot of Corbie, had been reconciled with the Emperor Louis. The first book of the Epitaphium covers the period from Wala’s youth at Charlemagne’s court until the years 822–5 when the great man, by then known as ‘Arsenius’, served as deputy to Louis’ son Lothar, who was king of Italy and was crowned emperor in Rome in 823.
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